Schema Therapy
An integrative approach that combines attachment, cognitive-behavioral, and experiential therapies to understand and modify the self-defeating life patterns rooted in childhood development.
What Are Schemas?
Schemas are defined as self-defeating life patterns that have roots in childhood development. As children we develop ways of being based on our biology, how we are raised, life experiences, and other factors. These adaptations become patterns of coping that are gradually ingrained as automatic responses.
What may have partly helped us cope in childhood, however, may not be as helpful as adults. Schemas give us a language to understand these broad patterns — and schema therapy a path to modify them.
Schema therapy (ST) is an integrative psychotherapy that combines elements from attachment, cognitive-behavioral, object relations and other theories into a unifying conceptual and treatment model. ST begins with a comprehensive case conceptualization that provides a broad and deep narrative of one's life functioning story and its roots in early schema (life pattern) development.
ST emphasizes the importance of experiential therapy — engaging in emotions in real-time with the therapist through a variety of multisensory techniques — including how it is essential to achieve lasting change and personal growth. ST also incorporates cognitive and behavioral components in treatment, recognizing that learning and growth require engaging the full triad of cognition, behavior and emotions.
Cognition
Understanding thought patterns and the beliefs that drive them.
Behavior
Identifying and reshaping self-defeating actions and responses.
Emotions
Engaging feelings directly through experiential techniques in real time.
Schema therapy draws from multiple established frameworks, weaving them into a coherent model of understanding and change:
Attachment Theory
How early relational experiences shape core emotional needs and patterns of relating.
Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy
Identifying and restructuring distorted thought patterns and maladaptive behaviors.
Object Relations Theory
The internal representations of self and others formed through early relationships.
Experiential Therapies
Multisensory, emotion-focused techniques that engage felt experience in the therapeutic relationship.
Recommended Reading
A good starting point for exploring schemas and schema modes:

